Dalam dunia jaringan komputer, Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) adalah teknologi dasar yang mencegah bencana yang ditakuti oleh semua administrator jaringan—loop jaringan. Loop terjadi ketika terdapat jalur redundan dalam jaringan, yang meskipun bermanfaat untuk toleransi kesalahan, dapat menyebabkan broadcast storm dan ketidakstabilan jaringan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik.
STP adalah protokol Layer 2 yang didefinisikan oleh IEEE 802.1D yang memastikan topologi bebas loop dalam jaringan dengan mengelola jalur redundan antara switch jaringan secara cerdas. Protokol ini bekerja dengan secara selektif memblokir dan meneruskan lalu lintas pada jalur yang berbeda, memastikan hanya satu jalur aktif yang digunakan untuk mengirim data, sementara jalur redundan lainnya ditempatkan dalam status cadangan.
Tujuan utama dari STP adalah untuk:
- Mencegah loop jaringan dengan memblokir jalur redundan.
- Memberikan redundansi dengan mengaktifkan jalur cadangan jika jalur utama gagal.
- Memastikan aliran data yang efisien dalam jaringan yang sangat tersedia dan bebas loop.
¶ Syntax
Berikut adallah syntax command yang digunakan dalam konfigurasi spanning three (STP)
¶ Basic Commands
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
spanning-tree mode [mode] |
Mengubah mode protocol dari spanning tree. eg: pvst, rapid-pvst, mst |
spanning-tree vlan [vlan_id] priority [value] |
Menset value bridge priority (Lebih kecil maka tinggi prioritynya ) |
spanning-tree vlan [vlan_id] root primary |
Menset root bridge Root Bridge, gunakan secondary untuk backup root bridge |
¶ Show Commands
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
show spanning-tree |
Memperiksa STP status |
show spanning-tree vlan [vlan_id] |
Memperiksa STP status pada vlan tertentu |
show spanning-tree interface [interface_id] |
Memperiksa konfigurasi STP untuk unterface Tertentu |
¶ Topology
¶ Task 1
Pada topology jaringan ini sama sekali belum dikonfigurasi untuk spanning tree
- Mappinglah port spannnig three dalam topology ini dan carilah root switch
- Root Port [R]
- Designated Port [D]
- Alternate Port [A]
SW1#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID Priority 32769
Address 5010.df00.4500
Cost 4
Port 3 (GigabitEthernet0/2)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 5029.fd00.4400
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/0 Desg FWD 4 128.1 P2p
Gi0/1 Desg FWD 4 128.2 P2p
Gi0/2 Root FWD 4 128.3 P2p
Gi0/3 Desg FWD 4 128.4 P2p
SW2#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID Priority 32769
Address 5010.df00.4500
Cost 4
Port 3 (GigabitEthernet0/2)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 50fc.1600.4700
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/0 Altn BLK 4 128.1 P2p
Gi0/1 Desg FWD 4 128.2 P2p
Gi0/2 Root FWD 4 128.3 P2p
Gi0/3 Desg FWD 4 128.4 P2p
SW3#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID Priority 32769
Address 5010.df00.4500
Cost 8
Port 1 (GigabitEthernet0/0)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 50b9.d400.4600
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/0 Root FWD 4 128.1 P2p
Gi0/1 Altn BLK 4 128.2 P2p
SW4#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID Priority 32769
Address 5010.df00.4500
This bridge is the root
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 5010.df00.4500
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/0 Desg FWD 4 128.1 P2p
Gi0/1 Desg FWD 4 128.2 P2p
SW5#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID Priority 32769
Address 5010.df00.4500
Cost 8
Port 1 (GigabitEthernet0/0)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 5040.b700.4800
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/0 Root FWD 4 128.1 P2p
Gi0/1 Altn BLK 4 128.2 P2p
¶
¶ Task 2
Untuk mendapatkan jalur switching yang efisien SW4 bukan merupakan pilihan. Maka
- Konfigurasi SW1 Menjadi Root Switch
- Konfigurasi SW2 Menjadi Backup root
- Aktifkan RSTP
Setelahnya, untuk memastikan lakukan mapping port lagi.
¶ SW1
SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary
SW1(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
¶ SW2
SW2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root secondary
SW2(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
¶ Other switchs
SW3(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
SW4(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
SW5(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
SW1#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp
Root ID Priority 24577
Address 5029.fd00.4400
This bridge is the root
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 24577 (priority 24576 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 5029.fd00.4400
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/0 Desg FWD 4 128.1 P2p
Gi0/1 Desg FWD 4 128.2 P2p
Gi0/2 Desg FWD 4 128.3 P2p
Gi0/3 Desg FWD 4 128.4 P2p
SW2#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp
Root ID Priority 24577
Address 5029.fd00.4400
Cost 4
Port 1 (GigabitEthernet0/0)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 28673 (priority 28672 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 50fc.1600.4700
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 15 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/0 Root FWD 4 128.1 P2p
Gi0/1 Desg FWD 4 128.2 P2p
Gi0/2 Desg FWD 4 128.3 P2p
Gi0/3 Desg FWD 4 128.4 P2p
SW3#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp
Root ID Priority 24577
Address 5029.fd00.4400
Cost 4
Port 1 (GigabitEthernet0/0)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 50b9.d400.4600
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/0 Root FWD 4 128.1 P2p
Gi0/1 Altn BLK 4 128.2 P2p
SW4#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp
Root ID Priority 24577
Address 5029.fd00.4400
Cost 4
Port 2 (GigabitEthernet0/1)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 5010.df00.4500
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/0 Altn BLK 4 128.1 P2p
Gi0/1 Root FWD 4 128.2 P2p
SW5#show spanning-tree
VLAN0001
Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp
Root ID Priority 24577
Address 5029.fd00.4400
Cost 4
Port 1 (GigabitEthernet0/0)
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
Address 5040.b700.4800
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300 sec
Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi0/0 Root FWD 4 128.1 P2p
Gi0/1 Altn BLK 4 128.2 P2p
¶
